ABSTRACT
Nuclear medicine scans and tests are frequently used in investigation of various gastrointestinal system disorders. But some of these tests are no longer in use in many centers due to improvements in technology and development of better alternatives. Although these tests are no longer in use, learning those tests and methods will contribute to the development of better understanding of nuclear medicine history and methodology. In this review Carbon-14 urea breath test, Schilling test and Technetium-99m-sulfur colloid liver-spleen imaging are summarized as nostalgic nuclear medicine applications in gastrointestinal system disorders.
References
1
Shirin H, Kenet G, Shevah O, et al. Evaluation of a novel continuous real time 13C urea breath analyser for Helicobacter pylori. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001;15:389-394.
2
Israeli E, Ilan Y, Bar Meir S, Buenavida C, Goldin E. A novel 13C-urea breath test device for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection: continuous online measurements allow for faster test results with high accuracy. J Clin Gastroenterol 2003;37:139-141.
3
Chey WD, Wong BC; Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology. American College of Gastroenterology guideline on the management of Helicobacter pylori infection. Am J Gastroenterol 2007;102:1808-1825.
4
Delluva AM, Markley K, Davies RE. The absence of gastric urease in germ-free animals. Biochim Biophys Acta 1968;151:646-650.
5
Marshall BJ, Warren JR, Francis GJ, Lang ton SR, Goodwin CS, Blincow ED. Rapid urease test in the management of Campylobacter pyloridis-associated gastritis. Am J Gastroenterol 1987;82:200-210.
6
Balon H, Gold CA, Dworkin HJ, McCormick VA, Freitas JE. Procedure Guideline for Carbon-14-Urea Breath Test. J Nucl Med 1998;39:2021-2014.
7
Savarino V, Vigneri S, Celle G. The 13C urea breath test in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Gut 1999;45:I18-22.
8
Sabbagh P, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi M, Javanian M, et al. Diagnostic methods for Helicobacter pylori infection: ideals, options, and limitations. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019;38:55-66.
9
Lopes AI, Vale FF, Oleastro M. Helicobacter pylori infection - recent developments in diagnosis. World J Gastroenterol 2014;20:9299-9313.
10
Mazokopakis EE, Karefilakis CM, Giannopoulou C. [Is Schilling test necessary for the etiological diagnosis of B12 insufficiency?]. Hell J Nucl Med 2009;12:84-86.
11
Wiersinga WJ, de Rooij SEJA, Huijmans JGM, Fischer C, Hoekstra JBL. [Diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency revised]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2005;149:2789-2794.
12
Uchimaru K. [Vitamin B12 absorption test]. Nihon Rinsho 2004;62 (Suppl 12):161-163.
13
Ramphul K, Mejias SG. Schilling Test. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing 2022 Jan.
14
Jean-Louis, N. Farè. Vitamin B12: Absorption, Metabolism, and Deficiency. In: Encyclopedia of Gastroenterology. Editors Leonard R. Johnson. Elsevier; 2004. p. 619-624.
15
Hoefs JC, Wang F, Kanel G, Braunstein P. The liver-spleen scan as a quantitative liver function test: correlation with liver severity at peritoneoscopy. Hepatology 1995;22:1113-1121.
16
Rogers JV, Mack LA, Freeny PC, Johnson ML, Sones PJ. Hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia: angiography, CT, sonography, and scintigraphy. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1981;137:983-990.
17
Royal HD, Brown ML, Drum DE, Nagle CE, Sylvester JM, Ziessman HA. Procedure guideline for hepatic and splenic imaging. J Nucl Med 1998;39:1114-1146.
18
Middleton ML, Strober MD. Planar scintigraphic imaging of the gastrointestinal tract in clinical practice. Semin Nucl Med 2012;42:33-40.
19
Willyard CE, Kalathil SC. Nuclear Medicine Liver/Spleen Test. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing 2021 Jan.
20
Mettler FA, Guiberteau MJ. Liver-Spleen Imaging. In: Essentials of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging (Seventh Edition). Elsevier; 2018 p. 213-218.
21
Matesan MM, Bowen SR, Chapman TR, et al. Assessment of functional liver reserve: old and new in 99mTc-sulfur colloid scintigraphy. Nucl Med Commun 2017;38:577-586.
22
Bowen SR, Chapman TR, Borgman J, et al. Measuring total liver function on sulfur colloid SPECT/CT for improved risk stratification and outcome prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. EJNMMI Res 2016;6:57.